Urbanization in Africa Essay examples -- Development, Urban Trend

Urbanization is the movement from a rural society to an urban society, and involves a growth in the number of people in urban areas. Urban growth is increasing in both the developed but mostly in the developing countries. Urbanization is associated with the problems of unemployment, poverty, bad health, poor cleanliness, urban slums environmental deprivation. This causes a very big problem for these developing countries and who are some of poorest countries. Africa urbanization is not as big as most developing countries but is on the rise for it outbursts in city growth lately. (Saundry, 2008). In Africa, one important feature of the urbanization process is that a lot of the growth is taking place in the industrial increase. Urbanization also finds expression in external expansion of the built-up area and the changing of prime agricultural lands into residential and industrial uses (Saundry, 2008). An alternate to the present expansion of the urban population across a wide area of the country in order to save crucial land for agriculture is to construct high-rise buildings and support commercial development in specific zones, which would depend on efficiency, and the right technology and resources (Hanson, 2011). In Africa, the urbanization processes are largely driven by market forces and government policies. This will lead to methods at the same time of change in incomes, land use, health and natural resources management including water, soil and forests and often reactive changes in local governments (The Economist, 2010). So this is saying that government developm ent policies and budget divisions, in which urban residents are often favorites over rural areas and will tend to pull more people into the urban areas. I... ...population distribution designed to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration appears to have had limited success in many developing countries. Policies must be directed at altering the rural economy in order to slow the rate of urban sprawl. Broad land use planning and changing of planning standards and governmental procedures would go a long way to reduce many of the problems that face urban populations in the developing areas, especially Africa. Urbanization can cause a lot of problems for a city or even a country. It can cause cities to become overpopulated which are known as mega-cites, and cause problems with living arrangements and finding a job. Urbanization can also cause health problems. Urbanization is supposed to be good for developing countries on the rise but with this rapid growth in Africa, these problems can become a major concern in the future.

Easy Clean, Co: Evaluation of Internal Control Environment Essay

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Evaluate a new audit client’s control environment. Provide an initial evaluation of certain components of the client’s control environment Appreciate the judgment involved in evaluating the overall internal control environment based on interview data Provide support for your internal control assessments Ted is a manager in the Business Advisory and Assurance Services division of a national public accounting firm. He has been given the job of managing the audit of Easy Clean, Co., which provides industrial and domestic carpet steam-cleaning services. Easy Clean has never been audited. Thus, Ted does not have any prior-year working papers to review. Ted recently conducted a preliminary interview with Doug Dosio, who along with his brother, Phil, owns Easy Clean. Ted’s objective for the interview was to establish an understanding of the control environment. To prepare for his interview, Ted reviewed professional auditing standards. Those auditing standards (AU 319) indicate that the control environment â€Å"sets the tone of an organization, influencing the control consciousness of its people. It is the foundation for all other components of internal control, providing discipline and structure.† The standards state that control environment factors include the following: 1. Integrity and ethical values 2. Commitment to competence 3. Board of directors or audit committee participation 4. Management’s philosophy and operating style 5. Organizational structure 6. Assignment of authority and responsibility 7. Human resource policies and practices Based on the interview dialogue provided below, you will be asked to evaluate the seven components of the client’s control environment noted previously in order for you to make an evaluation of the overall internal control environment. Before reading the interview information, please spend a couple of minutes reviewing the assessments you will make. Based on the information provided in the interview that follows, you are to evaluate Easy Clean’s overall control environment. To assist you in making this overall assessment, you will find detailed descriptions of factors noted below that may weaken or strengthen each of the seven components comprising the overall control environment. INTERVIEW WITH CLIENT Ted:Doug, can you give me a little information on the background of Easy Clean? Doug: Easy Clean provides both a domestic and industrial carpet steam-cleaning service and sells a relatively small amount of inventory, such as spot removers and carpet fresheners. Our company provides this service throughout three counties, which cover over 40 townships in a densely populated area. Easy Clean is completely owned by Phil and me. Our business has grown steadily over the course of several years after starting out with just one car-pulled trailer over five years ago. Over the years, the business has gradually added 12 fully equipped vans, worth about $30,000 each. Now in our sixth year of business, we plan to purchase approximately one new van each year to meet the growing demand for our services. The company grossed just over $1,650,000 in revenues last year, about half of which was collected in cash. We feel our continuing success is due in large part to â€Å"word of mouth.† Ted: Can you tell me something about the day-to-day operations? Doug: Well, Mr. Day, our office manager, and I are in charge of a small sales force that goes out on leads to give estimates for new jobs. Mr. Day is paid a salary plus a percentage of the total sales each month. My brother, Phil, is usually out in the field managing the 20 employees who work as cleaners for Easy Clean. Phil also helps with managerial and operating decisions. Salespeople are paid on a commission basis, selling both the domestic and industrial jobs based on standard prices established by the owners. Salespeople may sometimes negotiate special cut rates during the slower spring and fall seasons. Of course, these are almost always subject to approval by me or Mr. Day. Large industrial jobs are typically booked well in advance of the actual work. The job commitments obtained by the salespeople are normally submitted to Mr. Day, who signs them to indicate his approval and then returns them to the salespeople. Sales people then forward job commitments to one of two data input clerks for processing. The computer processes each commitment by extending the number of jobs by the standard price stored on the pricing file, or in specially negotiated situations, by the price on the input document. The sales, accounts receivable, and commitment files are updated and invoices are produced. An exception report of special prices is produced and sent to the salespeople to ensure that the specially negotiated commitments to jobs were processed correctly. Mr. Day developed this sales system himself and it’s working rather well. He’s currently in the process of creating the user manual for the system. I’ve also noticed that he sometimes makes adjustments to improve the system, which makes the accounting process more efficient. We’ve agreed that he’ll reevaluate the process at least once every eight weeks. Ted: And how about your accounting department? How big is it, and who oversees the accounting process? Doug: The accounting department of Easy Clean consists of seven part-time clerks, including the two data input clerks, who are all paid an hourly wage. All except one are college students working toward their accounting degrees. Mr. Day trains all new accounting help when they are hired. Typically, they stay on with us until they graduate, which usually covers two full years. We keep them pretty busy around here, but everyone helps each other out and they always get the job done. Ted: What are your brother Phil’s responsibilities? Doug: Phil manages the service component of the business. He usually trains all newly hired cleaning employees and explains their specific duties and responsibilities. When he feels sure that the employee is ready, the new hire is teamed up with a more experienced worker and assigned to a truck unit. When additional help is needed, Phil places ads in the local newspaper. Phil is the expert at running that end of the business. Ted: What about employee turnover? Doug: We haven’t had a problem with employee turnover. Phil expects some turnover in this type of business and knows how to deal with it. We try to prevent any employee concerns by maintaining an open door policy and encouraging employees who have questions or concerns about their responsibilities to ask for help or to come talk with us. If a problem should arise that might affect others, Phil or I will immediately address the problem at the monthly office meeting, making all employees aware of the issue. Both Phil and I work hard to ensure that any problem is resolved promptly. Doug leaves to give an estimate and Ted continues his observations of the business. Later that day, after spending time with the accounting staff, Ted has a moment to ask Mr. Day a few questions. Ted:Mr. Day, I’m wondering if you could help me clarify some things regarding my brief observations of the accounting staff? Mr. Day:Sure, I’d be glad to. What can I do for you? Ted: I got the impression from the staff that they’re not always certain about their assigned functions. Are job responsibilities clearly defined? Mr. Day: In assigning office responsibilities, Doug says the main considerations are that work should be done by the people who are familiar with a task and who are capable of doing it. But, he also admits that availability has to be a consideration. Although this does lead to some overlap in duties, it doesn’t create any confusion in responsibilities. I carefully assign the daily duties and overview each day’s accounting records. This keeps the office running smoothly and in a well-organized manner. Ted: The staff mentioned that they’ve occasionally had problems processing collections of trade receivables. Do you prelist cash receipts before they’re recorded? Mr. Day: Well, we haven’t really experienced any need to. The system is set up so that we collect all of the checks at the end of the day, making it possible to record them all at one time. This way, we can be more efficient by avoiding the need to write them down twice. On those rare occasions when there is a collection processing problem, we resolve it immediately. Ted: Do you ever run into accounting policy problems? Mr. Day: Not very often. I usually handle any policy problems that do arise, although Doug will handle the situation if he feels strongly about the issue. Ted: Well, thank you Mr. Day. I need to talk to Doug before he leaves for the day. A few moments later, in Doug’s office†¦ Ted: Are you satisfied with the processing of trade receivables? Doug: Yes, definitely. Mr. Day is meticulous in his clerical operations, which is well systematized. He has excellent control over the trade receivables. In fact, it’s been over a year and a half since the bank accepted a list of pledged receivables as security for a loan. From then on, we’ve had access to a continually renewable loan based on a list that’s updated weekly. The loan is relatively small, and the contract allows the bank to access Easy Clean ‘s checking account in the unlikely event that collection of the loan seems doubtful. Perhaps I should add that although Phil and I have no formal accounting training and we have given Mr. Day full responsibility for the accounting duties, Phil and I are the only people allowed to sign company checks. Ted: One of the accounting clerks mentioned that you’re thinking about making a change in the accounting system. Doug: As a matter of fa ct, Mr. Day has been looking into using a new accounting software package that should make the bookkeeping process an easier task for the clerks. This package includes a budgeting system that should help control costs and identify those areas that need attention. Although I’ve always monitored the company’s expenses, I didn’t previously see the need for a formal budgeting system. If something didn’t seem right, Phil or I would bring the problem up at the informal monthly office meeting between all the employees and try to resolve the issue. Given our current success, the implementation of a more sophisticated budgeting system seems like a wise investment. Ted: I’m also interested in your security measures. How do you protect your accounting records and physical assets? Doug: After hours, the office door and windows are heavily bolted. Only Phil, Mr. Day, and I have keys to open the office. Although there haven’t been any problems, we’re considering locking up the file cabinets where the hard copies of the accounting records and data disks are stored at night. I’ve also be en meaning to see about having the computers bolted down to the desks. As for the vans, they’re kept in a fenced-in lot behind our office. Each driver gets a key to the gate lock so they can let themselves in or out for work. We have to do this because a lot of the commercial cleaning is done after hours, when the office is closed. As a precautionary measure, we change the lock regularly. Ted: That should about do it for now, until I can get in to do some preliminary audit work. But before I leave, I’d like to ask you a few more general questions. To start with, can you tell me what you feel is responsible for Easy Clean’s recent success? Doug: Well, Ted, because Easy Clean is using the newest steam-cleaning procedure, we provide a much better result than the traditional rotary shampoo methods used by our competitors. And, our customers can tell. Plus, Phil and I understand the business well, we are personable, and we pride ourselves on doing good work. Ted: Having an audit performed by our firm is a big step. Why did you decide to have an audit now? Have you ever been audited before? Doug: Phil and I are confident that Easy Clean is a truly viable concern. We feel that audited financial statements will corroborate our claim. We’re eager to learn what suggestions your firm can give us regarding the most professional way to record and present our financial statements. We also have an interest in learning how to increase the company’s credibility with the local business and banking community. Both Phil and I are excited about the success of our company and we’re motivated to continue strengthening the organization with the eventual goal of pursuing additional business opportunities and endeavors. We’ve never been audited before, although we have used a local tax preparer to fill out our tax returns ever since Easy Clean has been in business. We did ask another firm, about two years ago, to come in to do an audit. We decided not to have the audit performed, though, because the company’s fees were too high. Although I’d have to look up the audit firm’s name, Phil and I decided that Easy Clean would have to wait for an audit until we could reasonably afford the fees. We’ve come to the decision that now is the time. Ted: Are there any issues of concern that you have regarding the audit? Doug: Not really. I’m proud of Easy Clean. The company has had no record of serious problems and has rarely had a problem with bad debts, since most of our receivable balances are collected within two to three weeks. Ted: I understand that Easy Clean does not have an audit committee, which is typical of an organization this size. Can you tell me if Easy Clean has a board of directors and, if so, who serves on the board and how active the board is in overseeing important issues at Easy Clean? Doug: We do have a board of directors. It is somewhat informal, but Phil, I, and our wives function as directors. We do have at least one regularly scheduled meeting each year and we have met on other occasions as necessary. Obviously, Phil and I have a pretty good idea of what is happening at Easy Clean on a daily basis. We do not believe our company is yet at a stage that could effectively support a separate board comprised of outside directors. Maybe we’ll do that in a couple of years, if we keep growing. Ted: One final thing I’d like to ask—have you and your brother Phil set out any goals for the future? Doug: Phil and I have spent a lot of time talking about our goals and objectives, but we’ve never formally recorded them anywhere. Our long-term goals are fairly uncertain, but we’re hoping to build our nest egg to the point where we can potentially retire early. We both agree that our future plans include expanding our sales territory, increasing advertising, investing more help and additional equipment, and, I have to admit, taking a well-deserved vacation in Hawaii.

Conflict and Social Order Theory - 1976 Words

Social OrderAccording to the social order model, society is given a set of rules to regulate people behaviors and prevent anomie or normlessness. Society serves the interests of all sharing, a strong set of norms and values, though not being able to adhere to these cause people to feel out of place. Most people accept this hierarchy as long as they see the system is fair. However, it is not fair, and this in turn becomes visible when it comes to occupations. Young people do not apply to specific jobs because they assume their qualifications are not well-built enough to obtain certain positions and therefore are exploited and oppressed in the workforce. Conflict TheoryThe conflict models expresses that people are constantly competing and†¦show more content†¦Meryl Streep proved this by telling Anne Hathaway that reason she chose her sweater is because society, in this case the world of fashion, claims that the fashion and colour of the sweater is the in style. Meryl demonstrated that Anne chose a sweater without putting much thought into it, but in fact here thoughts were already shaped for her by what society had previously claimed to be the in style. Anne did not realize that the act of something as simple as choosing a sweater, because she liked the look or colour, was determined by previous causes that are external from her. This shows peoples actions are highly predictable and that human behaviors are the result of social causes and not of free will.October 29, 2007How does a skeptical read of the article reveal contradictions and ambiguities about what the survey(s) is/are about?Does MacLeans provide an objective pres entation of the findings of the survey?After reviewing the excerpt in Macleans that claimed to reveal the best and worst universities in Canada, using the two surveys the National Survey of Student Engagement and the Canadian Undergraduate Survey Consortium, it is reasonable to say that the results are unreliable. For one, the answers of the students are not facts but opinions. A university should not be labeled good or bad according to peoples thoughts and judgments because these cannot be proven to be true or false. AsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Sociological Theories1282 Words   |  5 PagesThe four sociological theories are (1) Functionalisms, (2) Conflict Theory, (3) Symbolic Interaction and (4) rational choice. Functionalism believes that each part of society works in its own way and that the whole is interrelated so that one feeds into the other and the whole works together harmoniously as a unit. The government, for instance, provides education and libraries for its citizens and citizens, in turn, pay taxes to the government so that the whole country profits. 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Every person has experienced conflict in life. The main focus of this theory is how power structures and power disparities impact people’s lives (The Catholic University of America,  2008). 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Examples ofRead MoreHandling Conflict And The Conflict Resolution1254 Words   |  6 Pages Handling Conflict Norma Valdez-Rosa South University Online Handling Conflict Introduction Conflict cannot be eliminated from the workplace therefore learning appropriate conflict-handling skills is important. It is imperative nurses learn how to effectively handle conflict in the work environment (Morrison, 2008). According to the Conflict Resolution Questionnaire Analysis, my style of conflict resolution is Collaborating. I believe that working together will get better resultsRead MoreConflict Theory1445 Words   |  6 PagesConflict theory is the theory that human behavior in social contexts is the result of conflicts between competing groups, as different social groups, be they class-, gender- or race-defined, have unequal power and access to power, yet all groups compete for limited resources. 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Finally, I will provide my own argument to the debate as whether the purpose of social research shouldRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Actions, Decisions, Behavior, And Other External Elements Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesEarly sociologists, instrumental in the development of sociology’s three foundational theories, --George Herbert Meade, Charles Horton Cooley, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, and Karl Marx-- established the framework of symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and conflict theory. Each played key roles in establishing the levels and focu ses of analysis that are used in applying the three theoretical perspectives to the study of human actions, decisions, behavior, and other external

Are Engines Taking Over Or Not - 848 Words

Are Engines Taking Over Or Not? It is often debatable whether engines are taking over the job industry or not. Several researchers argue that robots have indeed become beyond useful than humans. Though it has not yet been proven, the fast-growing technology shows that humans will be dependable upon engines. Therefore, countless reporters, including Dean Baker and Zeynep Tufekci, have explored this ongoing debate to better understand this issue and to know if businesses are interchanging humans for engines. However, it cannot be denied that devices are occasionally a pain to deal with. Nowadays, businesses introduce several appliances to their workforce to ease their daily activities. In the article, â€Å"The Job-Killing-Robot Myth†, Baker discusses the different views of the use of robots in industries. He states, â€Å"the machines are getting smarter, and they’re coming for more and more jobs.† This demonstrates how robots get trained to perform activities tha t a usual worker would do. Not only robots finish the job at a fast pace, but they also can execute a whole lot of tasks at once. The author also lists how these robots are a high risk to the workforce. Even though these engines require some sort of training, they can learn faster and become smarter than their trainers. Baker points out that machines are causing high unemployment and technology does not make it any easier for the workforce. He says, â€Å"the term luddite refers to textile workers in the early 19th century whoShow MoreRelatedAutomotive Ethics Of The Automotive Industry Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesAutomotive ethics is a subject that is often over looked. Not many people look at what is ethical in the automotive industry, most people are generally happy if they can get a good deal on a car. 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Economics The Economic Thought Schools - 2009 Words

The Economic Thought Schools: From the Beginning to the Present Some economists believe that economics is the study of the universe and how everything in it works. Since economics still has not answered the question of how to make the world perfect, there is no right way to run an economic system. This means everyone has different opinions of what the economy is and how it should be managed. The world can agree on one part of economics though. It is primarily based on money, jobs, production, and consumption. International political economics also has a great deal to do with trade. The way that these points are organized is different for every society and has made the emergence of three important economic thought schools; mercantilism, liberalism, and Marxism. None of the schools has the â€Å"right† way to run an economy but, I think one of the schools has the best philosophies for today’s societies. The ideas of the liberalism economic thought school apply best to so ciety today. 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Keynesian Economics1583 Words   |  7 Pagespost -Second World War growth period, which is called Golden Age of Capitalism, has a great influence in human economic history. During the period of time, a great many of the capitalist countries have dramatically increased their economy and prosperity, such as United State which has a substantially economic expansion at an average rate of 3.5% annually between 1945 and 1970. Economic growth may be resulted by deregulation of market, rise of automotive manufac ture and industrialization which contributeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Austrian School1251 Words   |  6 Pagesideas, giving a face to two distinct economic ideals. This CCA offered a unique opportunity to understand this conflict, an experience that this paper hopes to synthesize in an effective manner. 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Parker and Nichols in Las Vegas Free Essays

Parker woke to the sharp sound of his phone ringing. â€Å"Hey are you up because you have to drop your sister to the airport’ his dad’s voice sounded harsh through the receiver. Parker glanced at his alarm. We will write a custom essay sample on Parker and Nichols in Las Vegas or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Oh my God!† he yelled, â€Å"it is 11.15, everyone get up now!† He quickly jumped out of bed, ran into the shower and half an hour later, everyone toppled into the car. â€Å"Mum’s right,† groaned Natalia â€Å"you are a waste of time, both of you!† â€Å"Shut up!† commented an annoyed Parker, â€Å"We will be there on time. It’s not that far.† Natalia hurried through customs and her brothers waved her off. They watched her plane take off and gasped in horror. On the side of the plane was written, ‘Las Vegas’! Nichols shook Parker’s shoulder. â€Å"Oh my God!† he yelled, ‘we have sent her on the wrong plane!† â€Å"What shall we do?† cried Parker shaking in disbelief. â€Å"Ok, calm down and breathe,† soothed Nichols, â€Å"I am sure that the air hostess will have checked her ticket and sent her back† They waited for a further ten minutes and then with no more patience, marched up to the departure desk. â€Å"Excuse me, Ma’am,† asked Nichols politely, â€Å"we have sent our sister on the wrong plane. Has she got off yet?† After three hours Parker and Nichols were climbing the walls in desperation. As they worriedly checked their watch, the air hostess came hurrying over and said, â€Å"Your seats are ready. You have been booked and the plane is leaving in ten minutes.† The boys sighed in relief; they would have to follow their sister hoping she would be waiting at MC Carran International Airport, in Vegas. The flight was long and tiring and both boys could not rest because of their worries. All they could do was worry about Natalia and wait for the plane to land. The pilot announced, â€Å"We have now landed at MC Carran International Airport. I hope you enjoyed your flight.† For a split second Parker and Nichols smiled at the pilot’s ironic statement. Their humour vanished as they entered the airport and remembered their sister. They caught sight of her exiting the building through a door and ran after her yelling her name. Natalia not hearing the two, jumped into a nearby cab. â€Å"Why is she not listening?† yelled Parker, â€Å"Why is she getting into a cab? Does she not realise she is in Vegas?† They hailed the next cab and Nichols shouted â€Å"Follow that cab. Ha-ha I always wanted to say that.† As the confused driver stared at them, Parker and Nichols collapsed into laughter. Natalia arrived at ‘Loews Lake Las Vegas,’ a five star resort. The gobsmacked brothers caught her just as she entered the suite. â€Å"Why the hell are you ignoring us? Could you not hear? We have been chasing you for ages!† shouted Nichols. â€Å"I couldn’t hear you!† protested the young girl, â€Å"How was I supposed to know you were here. Besides, I am old enough to be on my own. I don’t need you two!† Parker looked at Nichols and burst out laughing. â€Å"YOU don’t need US?† they mocked, â€Å"You are still a little girl yet.† Natalia blushed red but said nothing. The suite was beautiful. It had a view of an artificial lake and sunny skies. Light reflected on the glass table. Bright orange sofas matched the painting on the wall. The children had never seen anything so fascinating and their faces reflected their happiness. â€Å"Wow,† exclaimed Parker â€Å"How could you afford this suite?† â€Å"Erm I borrowed Mum’s credit card† said Natalia quietly. Parker grinned and pointed out, â€Å"You are going to be in so much trouble, once this is over.† The next hour was spent inquiring about the quickest flight home. Luckily they managed cancelations for the next day. â€Å"Well, while we are here we may as well have some fun tonight † laughed Parker † Come on, everyone, we are in LAS VEGAS!† Nichols gleefully agreed with his brother and just as they were leaving, Nichols ordered Natalia, â€Å"Stay here till we get back. We won’t be long.† â€Å"But why can’t I come too?† moaned Natalia â€Å"Because you are too young and we might lose you again. Now stay here and be good† said Parker They quickly left a sulking Natalia at the hotel and waited for a cab outside. As they stood, the brothers noticed a red-faced angry looking man staring at them. They realised that he was the same man who they had sat next to on the plane. He spoke harshly, â€Å"How dare you steal my briefcase. Who do you think you are?† As the boys confusedly denied this accusation, the man showed them a bag that read ‘property of Parker Jones.’ The boys realised that, on the plane the bags must have accidently been switched. However they had no time to explain as the man pulled up his sleeves and clenched his fists tightly. Parker and Nichols screamed and in a panic, ran down a deserted street yelling for their lives. Unfortunately the furious man was stronger and faster than either of them. Catching up to the two, he punched them in the head knocking them out. Parker and Nichols saw stars and then everything went black. Parker opened his eyes. He was lying on a sticky brownish floor covered in filthy dark stains. A foul odour overpowered Parker’s nose and he wretched repeatedly. The broken door had been gnawed away at by the rats. â€Å"Where do you think we are?† asked Nichols worriedly. Parker shook his head. ‘I don’t know. I just hope to God that we can get out of here† They both hesitantly peered out of the door into another room similar to the one they had woken up in. Nichols observed a man standing near a small wooden table. â€Å"Hey, that is Mr. Andrew Stevenson.† The two gasped in horror and scuttled back inside. They knew they would have to escape somehow, so shaking with fright; they tried to slowly peer out again. Four men were all busy opening a bag, the same that had been switched earlier. The place was smelly and dirty but the men were more interested in the black bag. As they forced it open, a huge pile of fifty dollar notes popped out. â€Å"We stole this money good and proper† smirked one of the men. â€Å"Perfect plan don’t you think?† In shock Parker and Nichols tiptoed out of the building and ran as fast as they could to get help. They explained the whole story to a detective and the police frantically stormed the building handcuffing the men. â€Å"Phew I am glad that is over† said Parker in relief. As he was speaking the detective came up to them and smiled. â€Å"Congratulations boys, you have done a good job. It turned out that the men were on the FBI’s most wanted list! As a sign of our gratitude we are awarding you with 10,000 dollars! The boys whooped shouting ‘Viva Las Vegas!’ How to cite Parker and Nichols in Las Vegas, Papers

Kfcs Marketing Strategy in India free essay sample

KFC IS synonymous with chicken. It has to be because chicken is its flagship product. The latest they have on offer is the marinated hot and crispy chicken that is crrrrisp and crunchy on the outside, and soft and juicy on the inside. It gives you a regular Pepsi with this at nothing more than just Rs. 39. But make no mistake, while this is a rage across the world, and in our very own Bangalore, KFC has made sure one other thing: it doesnt want to alienate the vegetarian community that gave birth to the vegetarian menu. It means you can be veg and yet be at KFC. KFC offers a wide range of vegetarian products such as the tangy, lip-smacking paneer tikka wrap n roll, the veg de-lite burger, and the veg crispy burger. There are munchies such as the crisp golden veg fingers and crunchy golden fries served with tangy sauces. We will write a custom essay sample on Kfcs Marketing Strategy in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you are veg and looking for a meal, you can combine the veg fingers with steaming, peppery rice and a spice curry. The mayonnaise and sauces dont have egg in them. Sharanita Keswani, Director, KFC Marketing, says the vegetarian menu in India came about when KFC found the country had about 35 per cent vegetarians, and in metros such as Delhi and Mumbai, almost 50 per cent. The non-vegetarian is the obvious target customer because, as Ms. Sharanita points out, Bangalore and the rest of south India have over 70 per cent non-vegetarians. But she also observes that chicken is KFCs strength. KFCs vegetarian menu is almost exclusive to India and is the most extensive. Most countries either do not have a vegetarian menu, and some which do, have a burger at the most. Contrary to affecting chicken sales, the presence of a vegetarian menu has made the brand more relevant to a wider cross-section of the consumer society. This is essential as we grow the brand across the country, says Ms. Sharanita. While the vegetarian menu has a significant presence in India owing to the countrys distinct tastes, and therefore the need to localise, KFCs chicken products that are standardised are also modified in certain regards to suit local tastes. KFC officials say the zinger burger in any part of the world or original recipe chicken tastes the same as the chicken products are based on standard recipes. While this brand standard chicken may taste the same in New York or Bangalore, the sauce or topping is changed. The chicken strips are served with a local sauce or the sauce of the wrap is changed to local tastes. And as far as India is concerned Ms. Sharanita says: Making itself relevant to local palates, KFC launched the wrap as chicken and paneer tikka roll in India. The KFC menu strategy is to balance standardisation and localisation. The localisation works in two ways: to modify a standard chicken product with a different topping or sauce; and to have a vegetarian menu, where necessary, along with the flagship product, chicken. The localisation exercise is undertaken in every country. The U. S. nd European markets have a traditional KFC menu based on chicken burgers and wraps, while Asian markets like India have been more experimental and adventurous. Here, they have rice meals, wraps, and sides. The change is imperative as Asian tastes can be very different from Western ones, Ms. Sharanita observes, adding that KFC learnt very early the high demand for vegetarian products in India. KFC has taken care to maintain safeguards on the production of its non-vegetarian products in response to observations by People For Ethical Treatment of Animals that chicken were not being treated humanely by suppliers. The debate has been on for years now and animal rights activists have prompted companies to adopt stringent measures. Pankaj Batra, Director, Marketing, Indian Sub-Continent, Yum! Restaurants International, observes: KFC is committed to the well being and humane treatment of chickens. We require all our suppliers to follow welfare guidelines developed by Yum! Restaurants International, U. S. A. , with leading experts on their Animal Welfare Advisory Council. In India, we source chicken from Venkateshwara Hatcheries Limited (Venkys), which is one of the leading and respected organised players in the poultry farming business. They also supply chicken to several reputed hotel and restaurant chains in the country. We respect the Indian law and our guidelines completely adhere to them. Ms. Sharanita points out that while KFCs brand standard products are their strength throughout the world, KFC works around the core and gives consumers products with a familiar taste, especially important in a country like India that is home to such distinct and different food habits. KFCs challenge as Ms. Sharanita puts it, is to manage a brands market with the right degree of flexibility so as to be strong in different and varied product markets